PCB board inspection nine common senses

PCBA board inspection should pay attention to some details in order to ensure product quality. When testing PCBA board, we should pay attention to the following 9 common senses.

1. It is strictly forbidden to use the grounded test equipment to contact the TV, audio, video and other equipment on the backplane to detect the PCB board without the isolation transformer.

It is strictly forbidden to directly test the TV, audio, video and other equipment without power isolation transformer with the equipment that is grounded. Although the general tape recorder has a power transformer, when it comes to a special TV or audio device that has a large output power or a poor understanding of the nature of the power supply used, it is first necessary to find out whether the chassis of the machine is powered or not. Otherwise, it will easily cause a short circuit with the live TV, audio and other equipment, affecting the integrated circuit, causing further expansion of the fault.

2.Inspection PCB board should pay attention to the insulation performance of the soldering iron

It is not allowed to use soldering iron for welding. To confirm that the soldering iron is not charged, it is better to ground the soldering iron shell. It should be more careful to the MOS circuit. It is safer to use 6~8V low voltage circuit iron.

3. Understand the working principle of integrated circuits and related circuits before testing PCB boards.

Before checking and repairing an integrated circuit, you must first familiar with the functions of the integrated circuit used, the internal circuits, the main electrical parameters, the function of each pin, and the normal voltage of the pin, the waveform and the working principle of the components of the peripheral components. If the above conditions are met, analysis and inspection will be much easier.

4.Test the PCB board does not cause short circuit between the pins

When measuring voltage or testing waveforms with an oscilloscope probe, the test leads or probes should not be short-circuited between the pins of the IC due to sliding. It is best to measure on a peripheral printed circuit that is in direct communication with the pins. Any short circuit in any moment can easily damage the integrated circuit, and more care should be taken when testing flat-packaged CMOS integrated circuits.

5.Test PCB board test instrument internal resistance should be large

When measuring the DC voltage of the integrated circuit pin, you should use a multimeter with an internal resistance greater than 20KΩ/V. Otherwise, there will be a large measurement error for some pin voltages.

6.The detection of PCB board should pay attention to the heat dissipation of the power integrated circuit

The power integrated circuit should have good heat dissipation, and it is not allowed to work under high power without a heat sink.

7. The detection of PCB board leads should be reasonable

If it is necessary to add external components instead of the damaged parts inside the integrated circuit, small components should be selected, and the wiring should be reasonable to avoid unnecessary parasitic coupling, especially to deal with the grounding well between the audio power amplifier integrated circuit and the preamplifier circuit end.

8. Inspection PCB board to ensure welding quality

When welding, it is determined that the welding is firm, and the accumulation of solder and the pores are likely to cause virtual welding. The soldering time is generally less than 3 seconds, and the power of the soldering iron is applied to the internal heat type of about 25W. The soldered integrated circuit should be carefully viewed. It is best to measure the short circuit between the pins with an ohmmeter to confirm the solderless adhesion and then turn on the power.

9. Do not easily determine the damage of the integrated circuit PCB board

Do not easily judge that the integrated circuit is damaged. Because most of the integrated circuits are direct coupled, once a certain circuit is abnormal, it may cause multiple voltage changes, which are not necessarily caused by integrated circuit damage. In some cases, the voltage of each pin is measured and normal. When the values match or are close, it does not necessarily mean that the integrated circuit is good. Because some soft faults do not cause a change in the DC voltage.